Target customers and marketing strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Target clients and advertising technique - Essay Example These requirements are: mental (hunger, thirst), wellbeing (security), social (be acknowledged, have a place with a specific gathering), regard (self-assurance, accomplishments, regard, status, acknowledgment), and self-realization (acknowledging one’s potential for proceeded with self-improvement) (Maslow, 1970). This prompts the explanation that a fulfilled need isn't a help. There is an uncertainty whether this truly applies practically speaking to the higher needs as almost certainly, confidence requires proceeds with incitement and recharging. Regardless of its lucidity it has a few constraints which make it unsatisfactory in all circumstances (Wasserman, 2009). Scarcely any endeavors have been made to test the legitimacy of Maslows thoughts. A major issue is that numerous organizations don't fulfill higher-request needs through their employments or occupations, and this can't generally be tried. Another point is that he saw fulfillment as a significant helper and this is n't legitimately identified with creation. Moreover, Maslow doesn't make reference to the timeframe between different necessities (Raymond et al 2003). Applied to target clients and showcasing technique, Maslow’s pecking order of requirements permits directors to anticipate needs and requests of clients and their wants. Purchasers don't generally have the foggiest idea why they choose to make a buy - and in any event, when they do, they may like to hush up about the explanation. Regularly, more than one explanation or mental intention may underlie a buy, some of which might be known to the buyer and others not. Isolating the cognizant from the inner mind is, best case scenario burdening, if certainly feasible. A comprehension of purchaser conduct has been reinforced by mentally based ideas and speculations of conduct and by psychoanalytical thoughts (Wasserman, 2009). The mental components that shape characters and needs are especially huge in buy and utilization conduct. Examination of needs, inspirations, mentalities, desires,

Strategy management Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Procedure the board - Literature audit Example In any case, this reality doesn't influence his exhibition. Truth be told, creating is described by the point by point survey of hierarchical issues, taking into account increasingly exact administrative choices contrasted with normal techniques for vital dynamic, where there is the danger of conventional presumptions. This favorable position of creating towards different strategies for key dynamic is clarified through the accompanying articulation of Mintzberg: chief as an expert ‘has to make his methodology as a potter needs to deal with her craft’ (Mintzberg 1988, p.73). Another trait of the supervisor who goes about as a specialist is that he can utilize his basic intuition consistently †in any event, when executing an assignment utilizing his hands (Mintzberg 1988, p.78); this potential for concurrent utilization of brain and hands is a bit of leeway of the director who goes about as an expert. The perspective on Mintzberg that the administrator is a skilled worker, is in resistance with the perspective on Miller et al. (2005) who noticed that vital dynamic depends on instinct; when being utilized for dynamic in associations, instinct may have two distinct structures: it could be either an all encompassing hunch or a mechanized ability (Miller et al. 2005, 22); in its first structure, instinct is utilized in associations where ‘exploration has been received as a goal’ (Miller et al. 2005, p.22-23); then again, instinct in its subsequent structure can be distinguished in associations that emphasis on ‘execution and expanding on past investments’ (Miller et al. 2005, p.22-23). Now, it is accepted that these administrators like to abstain from concentrating on subtleties when creating basic key choices (disregarding the hypothesis of director as a specialist, as expressed by Mintzberg, 1987) thinking about their instinct as progressively proper rule for the advancement of viable vital choices. The utilization of the hypothesis of Mintzberg for

Does globalisation benefit the third world or does it in fact make Essay

Does globalization advantage the third world or does it in truth aggravate them off and increment imbalance - Essay Example It is this basic element that is at the very center of clarifying why people are more terrible off as an outcome of globalization. At last, this investigation will give experimental proof mirroring the outcomes of these auxiliary and foundational disparities. Thought will be paid to everyday environments and the misuse of work as proof of more noteworthy imbalance and a more regrettable circumstance under globalization. Presentation: In the previous decade, the procedure of globalization has gotten set as a focal political plan in the created or Western world. That this wonder has lead to the â€Å"polarization† between the â€Å"rich† and â€Å"poor† is validated in incalculable investigations [Rapley, 2003: 87; Murshed, 2002: 2; Beck, 2000: 57; McGrew and Poku, 2007: 7]. It will be contended in the accompanying examination, that there is more noteworthy disparity unequivocally in light of the basic conditions that have made globalization. It will be contended t hat the neoliberal motivation in principle, practice and impact are accurately what makes disparity an unquestionable issue. Hence, imbalance because of globalization is fundamental in nature, and estimated in sway by an expanded level of polarization between the rich and poor. It will be contended that globalization builds imbalance. NEOLIBERAL BACKGROUND: Globalization is to a great extent a post-war (1945 - ) marvel. It depicts the procedure whereby ‘trade’, ‘economies’ and ‘communication’ become progressively coordinated on a world scale [Ohmae, 1991: 192]. To a great extent talking, it has been encouraged by a checked increment in an assortment of innovations, for example, progress in the zones of transportation and media communications, and it has been likewise encouraged by relative political solidness and an accord of market free enterprise. As a term, it was authored in the mid 1950's however didn't become a force to be reckoned with i n political writing until the late 1960's [Hopkins, Ed., 2004: 4ff]. One of the characterizing highlights of this procedure, is that it is to a great extent showcase driven, and as Moody [1998] contends, legitimated by the ascent of neo-radicalism matching with the decrease of Keynesian financial models [Moody, 1998: 119]. That is, and in a nutshell, Keynesian monetary hypothesis, set that the methods for making financial development was to halfway control an economy somewhat, and this involved building up a social framework which put cash straightforwardly under the control of people inside a general public. The hypothesis recommended that by expanding the sum an administration spent in territories, for example, social projects, the more prominent the possibilities that the sponsors would produce income for the economy when all is said in done or a â€Å"believe that cash earned by the most extravagant would stream down to the poorest† [Boyle and Sims, 2009: 27]. Conversely, neo-progressivism kept up that by cutting social projects, and thus, diminishing government spending and along these lines charges, more riches would be produced through the reinvestment of salary which would have been made good on in charges: â€Å"this new strategy approach was neoliberalism: a blend of neoclassical financial fundamentalism, showcase guideline instead of state direction, monetary redistribution for capital (known as ‘supply-side’

The System of Inquiry Essay Example for Free

The System of Inquiry Essay The essential structure of the arrangement of request is to wipe out predisposition in deciding the fittingness of the activities and choices of social specialists in NASW. It likewise incorporates the thought for the government assistance of the individuals to whom the administrations of the social specialists are rendered without prejudicing the government assistance of the social laborers simultaneously. Fundamentally, the essential system rotates around retaining judgment until all the relevant realities are thought of and the natures of the moral circumstances are investigated. This fundamental structure will be utilized in light of the fact that social laborers as a rule manage moral issues where the morally solid and substantial choices are hard to recognize. Now and again, the alternatives accessible for social specialists are morally passable but then they are required to pick just a single choice. It is in this way basic to pick the most appropriate alternative with the least comparing hurtful results conceivable. Something else, the reasonable demonstration of picking cautiously from the conceivable moral alternatives turns into a useless endeavor. The arrangement of request will be applied simply after the realities of the case are recognized. From that point, the material segments of the NASW Code of Ethics will be utilized as bases for deciding the moral worth of the activities or choices of the social specialists under investigation. A chose board will head the examinations of the cases, the consequences of which are as yet liable to advance, after which the choice will be viewed as last and permanent. In this way, the NASW Code of Ethics won't just fill in as a prompt guide for the individuals from the association. It will likewise work as a target â€Å"arbiter† during examinations of moral grievances or breaks in the proposed moral lead of social laborers. The System of Inquiry As far as the NASW Code of Ethics is concerned, the essential job of social laborers is â€Å"to advance the prosperity of clients† on the grounds that â€Å"client’s interests are primary† (Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers). In this way, social specialists are required to put aside their own predisposition and other individual concerns when expertly managing their customers. Senior pioneers in the calling are similarly expected to make sure about the polished skill of the social specialists in light of the fact that these senior chiefs â€Å"can make, keep up, or change culture† (Managing Business Ethics Chapter09, p. 230). As such, the perception that senior heads can impact the viewpoint of the association and its individuals infers the duty to ensure that course of the activities and choices of the individuals are lined up with the arrangements of the association including the NASW Code of Ethics. There are cases when social laborers face the difficulty of whether to permit the solicitation of their customers which social specialists know are unsafe or don't give any advantages to their customers. For instance, some social laborers in the wellbeing calling may confront the circumstance where their patient demands that his life emotionally supportive network ought to be cut for individual or family reasons. It might be that the patient’s family can no longer shoulder the costs of giving an actual existence emotionally supportive network to their patient-relative. A variety of this circumstance is the point at which the at death's door quiet is not, at this point fit for settling on an educated choice on what he needs to be done most definitely. Thus, the family members of the patients are provoked to act or settle for the benefit of their in critical condition relative. In such cases, there emerges a contention in light of a legitimate concern for the patient and the social specialist. On one hand, the enthusiasm of the social laborer is to advance the government assistance of the customer consistently as an essential concern and to the extent the NASW Code of Ethics is concerned, explicitly area 1. 01 also called â€Å"Commitment to Clients†. Then again, the enthusiasm of the patient or the family members is to stop the life-emotionally supportive network of their relative who is critically ill. Frequently than not, the going to doctor is incited by the conditions to talk with his quick bosses. For this situation, the predominant of the going to doctor should utilize the NASW Code of Ethics as reason for the choice. Segment 1. 02 of the NASW Code of Ethics expresses that social specialists ought regard as well as elevate their clients’ rights to self-assurance and help their customers in their endeavors to distinguish and explain their goals† (Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers). Considering this segment of the Code, it is obvious that the unrivaled should regard the choice of the patient or the family members of the patient to remove the life-backing of the at death's door understanding. It is recommended that it isn't inside the limits of either the going to doctor or the better of the doctor than power their customers to follow the choice of the social specialist. Since it is the essential commitment of the social laborer to advance the government assistance of the customer, it follows that the social specialist ought not demand to continue the life of the patient. It is this occurrence that shows how the privilege to self-assurance of the patient may abrogate the obligation of the social specialist.

Downtown Beirut, Response on Mohsens Article free essay sample

Downtown Beirut: a spot pour les middle class In his article Downtown Beirut: A City of Ghosts? , distributed in the Alakhbar English diary on Saturday, January 7 2012, Ahmed Mohsen depicts the core of Beirut as a vacant, phony, fake balancing spot for the world class, so far off and distanced from the way of life and the human progress of old fashioned Beirut known for its assorted variety among various social classes.Mohsen considers revamping the capital after the damaging war have for sure its actual personality and secured its back streets with counterfeit engineering that devastated the authentic excellence of what used to be known as the Paris of the Middle East. For some, whats referred to today as Solidere , ventures the new post war time, the period of a thriving economy and a unique society. Truth be told, the new structures are to be sure simply an overrated impersonation of different nations engineering leaving the old Beirut and its rich Middle Eastern history just a me mory alongside its social conventions. We will compose a custom exposition test on Downtown Beirut, Response on Mohsens Article or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Mohsen brought up in his article that in the wake of modifying the focal point of the capital, the first residents in Wadi Abu Jamil and its environmental factors are no longer there. As per the writers article Wadi Abu Jamils unique inhabitants and proprietors have evaporated. (Page #120) I for one accept that the old Beirut with its old, destroyed structures and swarmed grimy back streets is an exceptional safe house of conjunction between the different strict organizations and the distinctive social classes dissimilar to the new Down Town or DT with its new unique structures possessed by just a single social class.The High class. The recreation of Beirut put cash and counterfeit magnificence over the solidarity of the classes and the solidarity of the various people groups that lived for quite a long time in Lebanon and their reunification after the overwhelming war. In his article, the writer scrutinized the way that solitary rich individuals can shop or hang out in the DT saying For the individuals who can manage the cost of it, the spot to shop in downtown is Beirut souks. (Page # 119). Actually, all the shops present in downtown are to be sure costly for the normal citizen.But the issue is that even the most fundamental things in a little shop are co nsiderably more costly than some other spot in the nation. Purchasing a straightforward cone of frozen yogurt will cost you something around 2000 L. L in Lebanon, yet getting it from downtown will cost you around 7000 L. L. All the counterfeit magnificence that should energize the Lebanese around the globe to return to their nation is truth be told, a loathsome, revolting spot saved for the world class and rich voyagers from neighboring Arabic nations.

Magical Attic Butterflies Coloring Page

Magical Attic Butterflies Coloring Page A medium-detail coloring page to help build pre-writing motor skills The butterflies on this printable require careful work and focus - perfect for building attention and fine-motor skills in young children! This Magical Attic coloring page features Misty Pig and butterflies of different shapes and sizes - appropriate for developing hand-eye coordination and fine-motor skills. BCP Imagines BCP Imagines BCP Imagines designs and develops unique multimedia that brings children and their families creative, fun, shared experiences. Our award-winning cross-platform content encourages creative learning, expression and play while helping kids of ALL ages open their imaginations and look at their world in a new way. BCP Imagines' multi-award winning series Drawing with Mark brings the joy of learning to draw to all ages. The Magical Attic?, where anything is possible,? was created to help foster imagination and creative play while encouraging positive attitudes emphasizing the important lessons of kindness, friendship and helping others. Visit the Magical Attic store or purchase the Drawing with Mark collection!

Dantes Influences on T.S. Eliot - Literature Essay Samples

T.S. Eliot is considered one of the greatest writers of the twentieth century and his poetry was greatly influenced by Dante Alighieri. Eliots introduction to Dante was in his college years at Harvard, where he studied philosophy. Eliot read Dantes works extensively in college and may have meant to apprentice himself to learn everything he could from the master (Sloane). Dantes influences on Eliot include appearances by way of direct quotations, similar images, and thematic elements. The direct quotations are simple to find because they are written in Italian, but there are also lines from Dantes works that have been translated and slightly adapted to fit into Eliots poetry. Dantes images are also prevalent among Eliots works. Eliots view of the world as a cold and desolate place was greatly influenced by Dante and his visions of Hell. Similar themes are also apparent; Eliot often uses themes such as isolation from Dantes works to express his own inner feelings. At least one of these three elements can be seen in most of Eliots works, so it is obvious that Dante influenced Eliot. The influences from Dante in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock include direct quotations and thematic elements. In Prufrock the narrator, Prufrock, seems to be addressing a potential lover. However, Prufrock knows too much to simply approach the woman; in his mind he can hear other peoples voices mocking and taunting him. Prufrock is very shy about expressing his feelings, and he is only telling us, the reader, under the assumption that no one else will hear him admit to his fear of others judging him. The entire poem is about Prufrock explaining why he cannot express his feelings of love to the woman he admires. Dantes influence first appears in Prufrock as a direct quotation from The Divine Comedy as the first epigraph:Sio credesse che mia risposta fosseA persona che mai tornasse al mondo,Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse.Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondoNon torno vivo alcu n, siodo il vero,Senza tema dinfamia ti rispondo. (1-6)The epigraph literally means, If I thought my reply were to one who could ever return to the world, this flame would shake no more; but since, if what I hear is true, none ever did return alive from this depth, I answer you without fear of infamy (The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T.S. Eliot). This sets the tone for the rest of the poem; Prufrock can speak his shame only because he thinks no one who hears his confession will condemn him for his cowardice (Drew 827).Prufrocks fear of humiliation seems to be his own personal Hell; the idea of individuals having their own personal Hell is a thematic influence from Dante. Dantes work, The Divine Comedy, is a compilation of different versions of Hell. In Prufrock it is obvious that Prufrock is feeling anguish over his inability to express his love for the woman he admires (Bloom 17). Eliots frustration appears when he cant decide whether or not to speak to the woman: And indeed there will be time To wonder, Do I dare? and, Do I dare? Time to turn back and descend the stair, With a bald spot in the middle of my hair[They will say: How his hair is growing thin!]. (37-41)Prufrock is obviously frustrated and is even self-conscious of his bald spot when he is contemplating whether or not to tell the woman he adores how he feels. Prufrock is so concerned about his appearance that even when he is trying to speak to the woman, he cant stop thinking about what others think of him. Prufrock finds his inability to go on with life without worrying what other people think is making him miserable, providing his own personal Hell.Dantes influence appears again in the form of images and themes in Eliots The Wasteland. At the beginning of The Wasteland there is a description of a prophetic, apocalyptic journey into a desert waste. Near the end there is a very obscure section where the narrator walks through the streets of London populated by the ghosts of the dead. The na rrator meets a ghost and asks him what happens to the corpses in the ground. Part one ends with a famous line from the preface of Baudelaires Fleurs du Mal, You! hypocrite lecteur!-mon semblable,-mon frÃÆ'Â ¨re! (76) This quote is accusing the reader of sharing the poets sins (Martin). In the following passage from part one, Eliot describes similarities between the crowd and the flow of souls into Hell in Dantes Inferno.Under the brown fog of a winter dawn, A crowd flowed over London Bridge, so many,I had not thought death had undone so many.Sighs, short and infrequent, were exhaled,And each man fixed his eyes before his feet. (61-65)These city dwellers are lost and lacking values and damned to Hell for all eternity. The description of London as an Unreal City suggests that the corruption within the city cannot be imagined and seems like Hell to Eliot (Bloom 42). Near the end of part one, when Eliot quotes Baudelaires Fleurs du Mal, the quote implies that the poet and the reader have sinned, thus damning them to Hell. This exemplifies the theme from Dante that each person has sinned and they will go to their own personal Hell. Dantes influence becomes apparent in part five of The Wasteland when Eliot takes an image directly from Dantes Inferno. The first half of the section builds to an apocalyptic climax, as suffering people become hooded hordes swarming and the unreal cities of Jerusalem, Athens, Alexandria, Vienna, and London are destroyed, rebuilt, and destroyed again. The poem ends with seemingly random fragments of childrens songs, works from Dante, and works from Elizabethan drama. Dantes influence in part five expresses the effects of isolation on the mind. In the following excerpt, the image portrayed is taken directly from Dantes Inferno where Ugolino, who is damned in the lowest circle of Hell for treachery, hears the memory of the key turning to lock him and his children in the Hungry Tower to starve to death (Drew 838). I have heard the keyTurn in the door once and turn once onlyWe think of the key, each in his prisonThinking of the key, each confirms a prisonOnly at nightfall, aethereal rumours (411-416)Eliot connects this passage with the reality of human isolation and the idea that memories can be painful even if only you can see them and no one else can. Once again, Dante influences Eliot in the form of descriptive imagery in The Hollow Men. The Hollow Men is an explanation of how the hollow men could not choose their fate, unlike Guy Fawkes, to whom Eliot makes an allusion earlier. Fawkes plotted to blow up Englands House of Commons in 1605, but was arrested before he could set off the gunpowder. Fawkes was executed, but he chose his fate, unlike the hollow men who appear to have no control over their final destination. Eliot often mentions different kingdoms where souls are being kept; these kingdoms bear a striking resemblance to Dantes visions of the afterlife in The Divine Comedy. The similarities between the Ki ngdoms mentioned in The Hollow Men and Dantes visions of the afterlife are extremely similar. Deaths other Kingdom in The Hollow Men relates directly to Dantes Inferno, where the violent souls go. Eliots Deaths Dream Kingdom, where those who are suffering towards redemption go, is amazingly similar to Dantes Purgatorio. When the hollow men are waiting to cross the tumid river, the river is analogous to Dantes River Acheron, the river that separates Purgatorio and Inferno. The Kingdom of God is comparable to Dantes Paradiso (Southam 99). The hollow men are also similar to the souls in Dantes Ante-Hell of Neutrals. The hollow men died without shame, but they were not praised either. The idea of the Ante-Hell of Neutrals is similar to the Catholics belief that babies who were not baptized dont go to Hell because they havent committed any sins, but they cant go to Heaven because they have not been resolved of the original sin. Instead these souls go to purgatory. These souls, like the Hollow Men, do not deserve to be recognized as violent souls because they have not done anything wrong. The hollow men have Gathered on this beach of the tumid river (60) where they will stay because they do not have adequate reasons to be in Inferno or Paradiso. Both of these beings have been forgotten because they were neither good nor evil (Bloom 61). Dante Alighieris influences on T.S. Eliots poetry are excellent examples of Eliots expressions of emotions through his poetry. Eliot has been accused of stealing many of Dantes ideas, although they appear to be well integrated in Eliots poetry. It is apparent that Dante has influenced Eliot in the form of direct quotations, similar imagery, and comparable thematic elements.Works CitedBloom, Harold, ed. T.S. Eliot. Chelsea House Publishers, 1999.Drew, Elizabeth, ed. Major British Writers. Harcourt, Brace World Inc., 1959.Martin, Melissa. SparkNote on Eliots Poetry. 19 Mar. 2006 .Sloane, Patricia. Notes and Observations on T.S. Eliot s Early Poems. 19 Mar. 2006 .Southam, B.C. A Students Guide to the Selected Poems of T.S. Eliot. 5th ed. Faber Faber, 1990.The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T.S. Eliot. 20 Mar. 2006 Willard, Jeff. Literary Allusion in The Hollow Men. 15 Mar. 2006 .

Machiavelli s Principles Of Princedom - 1449 Words

Machiavelli’s Principles of Princedom When reading The Prince by Niccolà ³ Machiavelli, one will find a vast list of ways a prince should and should not act/rule. Many of the references Machiavelli makes, expands from Europe to Egypt. The propositions in this book go back to the fifteenth century and early sixteenth century. Starting with who Machiavelli is, the purpose of this paper is to explain some of his philosophies on how an ideal prince rules and acts, along with the conditions of his time era in Florence, to get a better understanding on how Machiavelli’s Principles of Princedom are correct. Niccolà ² di Bernardo dei Machiavelli was born, May 3, 1469, in Florence, Italy. He was a diplomat for fourteen years during the Medici family s exile. â€Å"When the Medici family returned to power in 1512, Machiavelli was dismissed and briefly jailed. He then wrote The Prince, a handbook for politicians on the use of ruthless, self-serving cunning, inspiring the term Machiavellian and establishing Machiavelli as the ‘father of modern political theory’† (Biography.com Editors). In 1494 when the Medici family fell Machiavelli became a diplomat in Italy’s Florentine Republic. During this time he â€Å"earned a reputation for deviousness, enjoying shocking his associates by appearing more shameless than he truly was† (Biography.com Editors). In 1512 the Medici family came back into power, tortured, jailed, and banished Machiavelli from any political involvement in FlorenceShow MoreRelatedAdolf Hitler to Machiavellis The Prince1671 Words   |  7 PagesWhen Machiavelli wrote The Prince in the 1500s, his intentions did not apply to the twentieth century. Some very important figures of the twentieth century used basic ideals from The Prince to obtain and maintain their position in power. One of these individuals was Adolf Hitler. Hitler used numerous Machiavellian ideas to win his respective place in Germanys g overnment. The two most important Machiavellian principles that Hitler used were winning the people and how he dealt with cruelty and

Capital vs. Capitol How to Choose the Right Word

The  words  capital and capitol are homophones, meaning they sound the same but have different spellings and meanings. Capital has many definitions, referring to government, assets, and capital letters, while capitol has only one: a building housing a legislative body—plus, often, the area surrounding that building. How to Use Capital The noun capital has several definitions:  (1) a city that is a seat of government, (2) wealth in the form of money or property, and (3) a capital letter, the type of uppercase letter used at the beginning of a sentence. As an adjective, capital refers to punishment by death (as in a capital offense) or a letter of the alphabet  in the form of the capital letters A, B, C  as opposed to a, b, c. The adjective form can also mean excellent or highly important. How to Use Capitol The noun capitol refers to the building in which a legislative assembly, such as the U.S. Congress or a state legislature, does its business. Additionally, at the federal level and in many states, the neighborhood surrounding the capitol is referred to, formally or informally, as Capitol Hill. Both  words  are derived from the Latin root  caput, meaning head.  Capital  evolved from the words  capitÄ lis,  meaning of the head, for its government sense and  capitÄ le,  or wealth,  for its use to mean a benefit, financial or otherwise. Capitol  comes from  CapitÃ… lium, the name of a temple dedicated to the Roman god Jupiter that once sat on the smallest of Rome’s seven hills, Capitoline Hill. When referring to a specific capitol, such as the U.S. Capitol or the Colorado Capitol, the word should be capitalized. When referring to a generic, nonspecific seat of government, make it lowercase. Examples Here are examples of sentences that use capital and capitol correctly: The capital of Alaska is Juneau. The word here refers to the city in which the seat of government is located.The dome of the U.S. Capitol  is one of the most famous man-made landmarks in America. Here the word refers to the building, not the city.Raising sufficient capital before we start to build is a capital idea. In the first usage, capital refers to wealth; in the second, it means excellent.The district attorney still hasnt decided whether to charge the suspect with a capital offense or a lesser crime, such as manslaughter. Here capital means punishable by death. Its usage comes from the fact that death originally came by decapitation.Proper nouns begin with a capital letter. Here capital means uppercase. How to Remember the Difference There are two tricks for recalling the difference between the main definitions of the two words. One notes that the o in capitol looks like the spherical dome of the U.S. Capitol and the capitols of many state governments. All other uses are spelled capital. The other trick is to think of the o in capitol as standing for only one, referring to the fact that capitol has only one meaning. Sources Capital or Capitol? http://homepage.smc.edu/quizzes/cheney_joyce/capitalcapitol.html.

Software Architecture and Software Design - 2053 Words

1.Introduction Scenario A software design must be produced to support a number of self-service stations for a small supermarket (stand-alone, not part of a national chain). This will involve interaction with various hardware devices, the main aim is to design and evaluate a suitable architecture and at least a simple demonstration mock-up of the system should be implemented. The aims and business drivers of the project are to: †¢ Develop a self service system that is safe and usable using ASP.net †¢ Incorporate process customer payment †¢ Determine how the system will interact with various hardware devices †¢ Use the multi-tier structure for the system’s architecture 2. Overview of software architecture To date the term software architecture is not precisely defined or agreed upon due to the various conceptions and theories of the term. According to Wikipedia (2014) software architecture is the design and construction of software, it specifies the set of structures that are used to encapsulate describe a software system. Software architecture is a set of architectural design decisions, furthermore it is also specified by the set of principles and practises that are used to document and design a system, documentation is used for software architecture to capture design decisions in regards to the high level design and to allow for the reuse of design components between projects. 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Legal Memorandum - 911 Words

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Buddha’s Brain Free Essays

[in the SPOTLIGHT] Richard J. Davidson and Antoine Lutz Buddha’s Brain: Neuroplasticity and Meditation I n a recent visit to the United States, the Dalai Lama gave a speech at the Society for Neuroscience’s annual meeting in Washington, D. C. We will write a custom essay sample on Buddha’s Brain or any similar topic only for you Order Now Over the past several years, he has helped recruit Tibetan Buddhist monks for— and directly encouraged—research on the brain and meditation in the Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior at the University of WisconsinMadison. The findings from studies in this unusual sample, as well as related research efforts, suggest that over the course of meditating for tens of thousands of hours, the long-term practitioners had actually altered the structure and function of their brains. In this article we discuss neuroplasticity, which encompasses such alterations, and the findings from these studies. Further, we comment on the associated signal processing (SP) challenges, the current status, and how SP can contribute to advancing these studies. WHAT IS NEUROPLASTICITY? The term neuroplasticity is used to describe the brain changes that occur in response to experience. There are many different mechanisms of neuroplasticity, ranging from the growth of new connections to the creation of new neurons. When the framework of neuroplasticity is applied to meditation, we suggest that the mental training of meditation is fundamentally no different than other forms of skill acquisition that can induce plastic changes in the brain [1], [2]. WHAT IS MEDITATION? The term meditation refers to a broad variety of practices, ranging from techDigital Object Identifier 10. 109/MSP. 2007. 910429 niques designed to promote relaxation to exercises, performed with a more farreaching goal such as a heightened sense of well-being. It is thus essential to be specific about the type of meditation practice under investigation. In [3], meditation was conceptualized as a family of complex emotional and attentional regulatory strategies developed for various ends, including the c ultivation of well-being Buddhist Vipassan? and Mah? mudr? , a a a and are also implicated in many popular secular interventions that draw on Buddhist practices. FINDINGS OF BRAIN CHANGES IN MEDITATION In what follows, we summarize the changes in the brain that occur during each of these styles of meditation practice. Such changes include alterations in patterns of brain function assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), changes in the cortical evoked response to visual stimuli that reflect the impact of meditation on attention, and alterations in amplitude and synchrony of highfrequency oscillations that probably play an important role in connectivity among widespread circuitry in the brain. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP The experiments described below that measure hemodynamic changes with fMRI require a high-field-strength magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner equipped with the appropriate pulse sequences to acquire data rapidly and with the necessary fiber optic stimulus delivery devices so that visual stimuli can be presented to the subject while he or she lays in the bore of the magnet. For the studies that measure brain electrical activity, a high-density recording system with between 64 and 256 electrodes on the scalp surface is used. FA MEDITATION A recent study [4] used fMRI to interrogate the neural correlates of FA (continued on page 172) THE TERM NEUROPLASTICITY IS USED TO DESCRIBE THE BRAIN CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN RESPONSE TO EXPERIENCE. and emotional balance. Here we focus on two common styles of meditation, i. e. , focused attention (FA) meditation and open monitoring (OM) meditation. FA meditation entails voluntarily focusing attention on a chosen object in a sustained fashion. OM meditation involves nonreactively monitoring the content of experience from moment to moment, primarily as a means to recognize the nature of emotional and cognitive patterns. OM meditation initially involves the use of FA training to calm the mind and reduce distractions, but as FA advances, the cultivation of the monitoring skill per se becomes the main focus of practice. The aim is to reach a state in which no explicit focus on a specific object is retained; instead, one remains only in the monitoring state, attentive moment by moment to anything that occurs in experience. These two common styles of meditation are often combined, whether in a single session or over the course of a practitioner’s training. These styles are found with some variation in several meditation systems, including the 1053-5888/08/$25. 00 ©2008IEEE IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE [176] SEPTEMBER 2007 [in the SPOTLIGHT] y=4 continued from page 176 % T2 Accuracy: Times2 Versus 1 50 40 30 20 10 0 ? 10 Novices Time1 Practitioners PZ P3b to T1 420-440 ms 0 10 1,000 F-Values ms Novices Practitioners r=? 0. 68, p=. 001 Amygdala 0. 2 0. 1 0 ? 0. 1 ? 0. 2 10 20 30 (a) V 20 ? 20 20 ? 20 20 ? 20 20 ? 20 20 ? 20 20 ? 20 (d) 40 50 r=? 0. 64 Time2 +5? V ? 5? V ? 200 Blink No-Blink T1 T2 ?5 ? 4 ? 3 ? 2 ? 1 0 1 2 3? V T1-Elicited P3b Amplitude: Time2 Versus 1 (c) (b) F3 Fc5 Cp5 F4 Fc6 Cp6 V2 500 300 100 0 Blocks 50 Resting State 100 Meditative State (e) 150 Time (s) % 100 45 0 Controls % 100 45 * * % 80 Practitioners * * * * * 40 0 Ongoing Initial Baseline Baseline (g) Meditation State * Controls Practitioners * * 0 * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (f) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 [FIG1] Neuroimaging and neurodynamical correlates of FA and OM meditations. (a) Relationship between degree of meditation training (in years) and hemodynamic response in the amygdala (in blue) to distractor sounds during FA meditation in long-term Buddhist practitioners. Individual responses in the right amygdala are plotted (adapted from [4]). (b) The reduction in P3b amplitude (a brain-potential index of resource allocation) to the first of two target stimuli (T1 and T2) presented in a rapid stream of distracter stimuli after three months of intensive Vipassan? meditation [5]. (c) Generally, the greater the reduction in brain-resource allocation to T1 was a over time, the better able an individual became at accurately identifying T2 (adapted from [5] ). d)–(e) Example of high-amplitude gamma activity during a form of OM meditation, nonreferential compassion meditation, in long-term Buddhist practitioners [6]. (e) Time course of gamma (25–42 Hz) activity power over the electrodes displayed in (d) during four blocks computed in a 20-s sliding window every 2 s and then averaged over electrodes. (f) Intra-individual analysis of the ratio of gamma to slow oscillations (4–13 Hz) averaged across all electrodes during compassion medita tion. g) The significant interaction between group (practitioner, control) and state (initial baseline, ongoing baseline, and meditation state) for this ratio. meditation in experts and novices. The study compared FA meditation on an external visual point to a rest condition during which participants do not use meditation and are simply instructed to adopt a neutral baseline state. The meditation condition was associated with activation in multiple brain regions implicated in monitoring (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), engaging attention (visual cortex), and attentional orienting (e. g. , the uperior frontal sulcus, the supplementary motor area, and the intraparietal sulcus). Although this meditation-related activation pattern was generally stronger for long-term practitioners compared to IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE [172] JANUARY 2008 novices, activity in many brain areas involved in FA meditation showed an inverted u-shaped curve for both classes of subjects. Whereas expert me ditators with an average of 19,000 practice hours showed stronger activation in these areas than the novices, expert meditators with an average of 44,000 practice hours showed less activation. This inverted u-shaped function resembles the learning curve associated with skill acquisition in other domains of expertise, such as language acquisition. The findings support the idea that, after extensive FA meditation training, minimal effort is necessary to sustain attentional focus. Expert meditators also showed less activation than novices in the amygdala during FA meditation in response to emotional sounds. Activation in this affective region correlated negatively with hours of practice in life, as shown in Figure 1(a). This finding may support the idea that advanced levels of concentration are associated with a significant decrease in emotionally reactive behaviors that are incompatible with stability of concentration. Collectively, these findings support the view that attention is a trainable skill that can be enhanced through the mental practice of FA meditation. OM MEDITATION Another study [5] recently examined the idea that OM meditation decreases elaborative stimulus processing in a longitudinal study using scalprecorded brain potentials and performance in an attentional blink task. The consequence of decreased elaborative stimulus processing is that the subject is able to better attend moment-to-moment to the stream of stimuli to which they are exposed and less likely to â€Å"get stuck† on any one stimulus. The attentional blink phenomenon illustrates that the information processing capacity of the brain is limited. More specifically, when two targets T1 and T2, embedded in a rapid stream of events, are presented in close temporal proximity, the second target is often not seen. This deficit is believed to result from competition between the two targets for limited attentional resources, i. e. , when many resources are devoted to T1 processing, too few may be available for subsequent T2 processing. The study in [5] found that three months of intensive training in Vipassan? meditation (a common style of a OM meditation) reduced brain-resource allocation to the first target, as reflected in a smaller T1-elicited P3b, a brainpotential index of resource allocation. This is illustrated in Figure 1(b), which shows the reduction in P3b amplitude. In this figure, the scalp-recorded brain potentials from electrode Pz, time-locked to T1 onset as a function of T2 accuracy [detected (no-blink) vesus not detected (blink)], time (before or after three months), and group (practitioners versus novices) are shown. The scalp map shows electrode sites where this three-way interaction was significant between 420 and 440 ms. The reduction in brain-resource allocation to T1 was associated with a smaller attentional blink to T2, as shown in Figure 1(c). As participants were not engaged in formal meditation during task performance, these results provide support for the idea that one long-term effect of OM meditation may be reduction in the propensity to â€Å"get stuck† on a target as reflected in less elaborate stimulus processing and the development of efficient mechanisms to engage and then disengage from target stimuli in response to task demands. Previous studies [6] of high-amplitude pattern of gamma synchrony in expert meditators during an emotional version of OM meditation support the idea that the state of OM may be best understood in terms of a succession of dynamic global states. Compared to a group of novices, the adept practitioners self-induced higher amplitude sustained electroencephalography (EEG) gamma-band oscillations and long-distance phase synchrony, in particular over lateral fronto-parietal electrodes, while meditating. Importantly, this pattern of gamma oscillations was also sig- nificantly more pronounced in the baseline state of the long-term practitioners compared with controls, suggesting a transformation in the default mode of the practitioners as shown in Figure 1(g). Although the precise mechanisms are not clear, such synchronizations of oscillatory neural discharges may play a crucial role in the constitution of transient networks that integrate distributed neural processes into highly ordered cognitive and affective functions. An example of high-amplitude gamma activity during a form of OM meditation, nonreferential compassion meditation, in long-term Buddhist practitioners [6] is shown in Figure 1(d) and (e). The intra-individual analysis of the ratio of gamma to slow oscillations (4–13 Hz) averaged across all electrodes during compassion meditation is illustrated in Figure 1(f). The abscissa represents the subject numbers, the ordinate represents the difference in the mean ratio between the initial state and meditative state, and the black and red stars indicate that this increase is greater than two and three times, respectively, the baseline standard deviation. The significant interaction between group (practitioner, control) and state (initial baseline, ongoing baseline, and meditation state) for this ratio is shown in Figure 1(g). The relative gamma increase during meditation was higher in the postmeditation session. In the initial baseline, the relative gamma was already higher for the practitioners than the controls and correlated with the length of the long-term practitioners’ meditation training through life (adapted from [6]). SP CHALLENGES While SP has a unique opportunity to contribute to this novel effort to chart the manner in which the brain may be transformed through the mental practice of meditation, there are several associated challenges. Among these challenges are the characterization of different signatures of brain function that distinguish among different meditation practices, IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE [173] JANUARY 2008 [in the SPOTLIGHT] continued the parsing of variance in brain activity that may be due to changes in peripheral physiology such as respiration, and the simultaneous measurement of electrical and hemodynamic signals to harness the best temporal and spatial resolution possible. IMPACT ON BRAINCOMPUTER INTERFACES One of the interesting implications of the research on meditation and brain function is that meditation might help to reduce â€Å"neural noise† and so enhance signal-to-noise ratios in certain types of tasks. In contexts where brain-computer interfaces are being developed that are based upon electrical recordings of brain function, training in meditation may facilitate more rapid learning. This idea warrants systematic evaluation in the future. FUTURE WORK Ongoing and future work focuses on a few distinct directions. One of the crucial areas requiring attention is the characterization of changes in connectivity among the various brain circuits that are engaged by these practices. The development of new methods to probe different aspects of connectivity (both structural and functional) will be extremely valuable in furthering this line of inquiry. The goal of such work is to better understand how different circuits are integrated during meditation to produce the behavioral and mental changes that are said to occur as a result of such practices, including the promotion of increased well-being. AUTHORS Richard J. Davidson (rjdavids@wisc. edu) is a director and Antoine Lutz (alutz@wisc. edu) is an associate scientist, both with the Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison. REFERENCES [1] A. Berger, O. Kofman, U. Livneh, and A. Henik, â€Å"Multidisciplinary perspectives on attention and the development of self-regulation,† Prog. Neurobiol. , vol. 82, no. 5, pp. 256–286, 2007. [2] R. A. Poldrack, â€Å"Neural systems for perceptual skill learning,† Behav. Cognit. Neurosc. Rev. , vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 76–83, 2002. [3] A. Lutz, J. P. Dunne, and R. J. Davidson, â€Å"Meditation and the neuroscience of consciousness: An introduction,† in The Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, P. D. Zelazo and E. Thompson, Eds. Cambridge, U. K. : Cambridge Univ. Press, in press. [4] J. A. Brefczynski-Lewis, A. Lutz, H. S. Schaefer, D. B. Levinson, and R. J. Davidson, â€Å"Neural correlates of attentional expertise in long-term meditation practitioners,† Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. , vol. 104, no. 7, pp. 11483–11488. [5] H. A. Slagter, A. Lutz, L. L. Greischar, A. D. Francis, S. Nieuwenhuis, J. M. Davis, and R. J. Davidson, â€Å"Mental training affects use of limited brain resources,† PLoS Biol. , vol. 5, no. 6, pp. e13800010008, 2007. [6] A. Lutz, L. Greischar, N. B. Rawlings, M. Ricard, and R. J. Davidson, â€Å"Long-term meditators self-induce high-amplitude synchrony during mental practice,† Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. , vol. 101, no. 46, pp. 16369–16373, 2004. [SP] I N D I A N A U N I V E R S I T Y †¢ P U R D U E U N I V E R S I T Y †¢ F O R T WAY N E FOUNDING DIRECTOR OF THE CENTER OF EXCELLENCE IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION RESEARCH Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne (IPFW) Department of Engineering invites applications and nominations for the position of Founding Director of the Center of Excellence in Wireless Communication Research. Candidates must possess a recognized national reputation for research excellence in the field of wireless communication. Master’s degree required; possession of an earned doctorate in electrical engineering or its equivalent is highly desired. Preference will be given to candidates with a strong history of applied research, industry collaboration, and experience in Department of Defense-funded projects. The initial appointment will be for a period of three years with the option for subsequent renewal based upon performance. IPFW is a regional campus of both Indiana University and Purdue University and is the largest university in northeast Indiana. Serving more than 12,000 students and offering more than 180 degree options, IPFW is a comprehensive university with a strong tradition of service to and collaboration with the region. The Department of Engineering offers B. S. degrees in electrical, computer, civil, and mechanical engineering. The M. S. egree in engineering with concentrations in electrical, mechanical, computer, and systems engineering will be launched during the 2007-2008 school year. The department presently includes 16 full-time faculty members and has approximately 300 undergraduate students. The Founding Director of the Center of Excellence in Wireless Communication Research shall have the following responsibilities: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Establish the Center of Excellence in Wireless Communication Research, emphasizing the practical application of wireless technology for the needs of the regional defense industry. Expand collaboration with industry through sponsored research. Establish a wireless laboratory to support courses in wireless communication. Develop a series of undergraduate courses that would lead to an undergraduate certificate in wireless communication. Develop and teach courses for the Master of Science in Engineering (MSE) – electrical engineering concentration – that would lead to a graduate certificate in wireless communication. Develop and offer credit and non-credit professional development experiences for regional employees. Participate in IEEE 802. X standards development. Coordinate and host conferences on the application of wireless technology with an emphasis on defense applications and emerging commercial wireless technologies. This position offers a unique opportunity to build a Center of Excellence in Wireless Communication Research and to significantly expand industry-university collaborative research in the fields of wireless networks. IPFW offers a competitive salary and benefits package and an excellent work environment. Fort Wayne is the second largest city in Indiana and is located within several hours of Chicago, Columbus, Cincinnati, Detroit, and Indianapolis. It boasts affordable housing, a low cost of living and a safe environment in which to raise a family. The region is home to seven major defense contractors employing over 1,800 engineers working in the fields of wireless communication, sensor networks, C4, network-centric systems, and defense products. Applicants with extensive industrial rather than university career experience will be given serious consideration and are strongly encouraged to apply. Candidates demonstrating extensive contact networks within the business and governmental sectors will be preferred. To apply for this position, please visit our Web site at www. ipfw. obs. Applicants should submit a cover letter addressing wireless communication and DoD knowledge and experience, resume/vita, statement of research and teaching experience, and the names and contact information for at least three references. The committee will begin review of applications immediately and the search will remain open until the position is fi lled. For additional information regarding IPFW and the Department of Engineering please visit the Web sites at: www. engr. ipfw. edu and www. ipfw. edu. ,3): LV DQ (TXDO 2SSRUWXQLW(TXDO $FFHVV$IILUPDWLYH $FWLRQ (PSORHU IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE [174] JANUARY 2008 How to cite Buddha’s Brain, Papers

Hawthornes The Blithedale Romance Ideology as Woman free essay sample

An analysis and description of the themes and characters. An examination of Hawthornes `The Blithedale Romance`. The author analyzes the two main themes in the novel: transcendentalism and materialism and how they are depicted in the two main characters, Zenobia and Priscilla. `Readers of The Blithedale Romance would do well to keep the motif of layered identity uppermost in their minds when examining the back story of this novel. For example, despite his entreaties not to see Blithedale as Brook Farm, it appears folly not to do so. There are just too many parallels. There is too much of Hawthorne in Coverdale for the reader not to draw another connection there. However, Hawthorne applies even more complex layered ideological identities to his two main female characters, Zenobia and Priscilla. The former, with her assumed name, epitomizes the various tenets of Transcendentalism, whilst the veiled Priscilla represents Materialism. Thus an exploration of the two characters provides the reader with an exploration of Hawthornes attitude towards both Transcendentalism and the Materialist society in which he lived. We will write a custom essay sample on Hawthornes The Blithedale Romance: Ideology as Woman or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page `

Free Speech Versus Censorship

Question: How do you feel this issue fits in with the "world" wide Web? Should free speech be considered when it comes to postings that are filled with hate speech? Answer: Freedom of speech is the primary right of every U.S. citizen. However, the extent of this freedom is restricted to minimize issues related to discrimination in any form, child and youth abuse, hate speeches and so on. The same has to be applied to the most widely used communication technology, The Internet (Molnr, 2015). The need of censorship especially in the World Wide Web is high as anything posted on the internet, would travel around the world. Freedom of speech would not require censorship if individuals posting information are socially responsible. One would not mock a physically handicapped person as that would be insensitive. The same attitude has to be adapted when posting over the internet as people around the world have different beliefs and cultures and posting negative information would be abusing the freedom of speech. Hate speech is a direct misuse of the freedom of speech as negative and offensive information would be passed around the world (Waldron, 2012). When fre e speech is directed towards a race or religion negatively, the chances of a mass revolt is high. Hate speeches have tendency to rise violent behavior in the offended community, which may seek justice through aggressive retort. Sexting and pornography on the other hand have to be age restricted as they may affect the personality of a child. The content of abusive and rape porn has to be eliminated as the same may increase rape culture (Makin, 2015). References Makin, D. A., Morczek, A. L. (2015). The Dark Side of Internet Searches: A Macro Level Assessment of Rape Culture. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 9(1), 1. Molnr, P. (2015). Free Speech and Censorship Around the Globe. Central European University Press. Waldron, J. (2012). The harm in hate speech. Harvard University Press.

La Belle Dame Sans Merci by Keats and When We Two Parted by Byron Essay Example

La Belle Dame Sans Merci by Keats and When We Two Parted by Byron Paper I intend to compare, When We Two Parted, a romantic poem by Lord Byron and La Belle Dame Sans Merci, also a romantic theme but a ballad by John Keats. In When We Two Parted the poem tells of a loving relationship which has ended, when one of the partners feelings for the other waned. It expresses the emotions of resentment, betrayal, sorrow and anguish which are those sentiments which are often felt by the one in the relationship who has been left. It is personal to the poet and written to his lost love. The poem by John Keats La Belle Dame Sans Merci has a similar message because it tells of a breakdown in a relationship; it is written as a ballad. It is a romantic story set in times past. It tells of the heartless reactions of a lady to her love-lorn knight. It is an allegory, perhaps written by the poet after he had been let down by his true love. In both poems a story is told in stages, represented in each stanza. Love is expressed in each poem by a feeling of pain and despair at its loss. The authors use expressive language to portray their pain and anguish, in La Belle Dame Sans Merci Keats work didnt really focus on religion or ethnic issues, he wrote mainly about sensations and the richness of life. The style of poetry that Byron uses in We will write a custom essay sample on La Belle Dame Sans Merci by Keats and When We Two Parted by Byron specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on La Belle Dame Sans Merci by Keats and When We Two Parted by Byron specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on La Belle Dame Sans Merci by Keats and When We Two Parted by Byron specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When We Two Parted suggests that he also preferred to write in a similar way; this is what makes the two poems suitable for comparison. The two poems are structured completely differently. When We Two Parted is made up of four eight line stanzas and alternate lines rhyme. The rhyme is enhanced by a rhythm which is made by the constant use of five syllables in each line. The use of this form, allows the reader to become immediately drawn to the intention of his poem. It has a rather stilted feeling about it, giving the impression that Lord Byron was so full of passionate hate when he wrote When We Two Parted that it did not flow from his pen easily. The poet uses colons, semi-colons, dashes and full stops to emphasise the depth of his feelings: Colder thy kiss; Sorrow to this! This gives the impression that Byron was angry and miserable when he wrote the poem but that he also wanted to express these feelings as shortly as possible. He ends the poem with a question which he answers: How should I greet thee? With silence and tears. This not only echoes the opening two lines of the poem it also strengthens his feeling of eternal despair at the loss of his love. La Belle Dame Sans Merci is made up of twelve four line stanzas in which only the second and fourth lines rhyme. We can see in La Belle Dame Sans Merci that the author wrote the poem in the style of a ballad, this is because this type of poem is a story. Keats probably saw his poem as an epic that could be remembered and retold by generation after generation, as a story of heart break and love. It is written as a romantic tale of love that has ended, almost like a play, and each verse represents a scene in the play. The regular use of commas and full stops allows the poem to flow from one idea to the next. One similarity between the two poems is the use of repetition to emphasise the poets feelings and to return the reader to the initial reason for the poem being written: Though the sedge has witherd from the lake, And no birds sing. In When We Two Parted Lord Byron uses language that expresses a feeling of physical as well as emotional sickness. The dew of the morning Sunk chill on my brow This gives the impression that Byrons emotional state is making him feel cold, clammy and feverish. Byron adds to this feeling with the constant use of words related to coldness; shudder, colder thy kiss. This links with the emotional and physical illness that Keats narrator is going through, from loss of love, in stanza three; I see a lily on thy brow With anguish moist and fever dew, And on thy cheeks a fading rose Fast withered too. We can see in the quote above, a sense that love is dying along with the rosiness in his lovers cheeks which are fading, signalling that as love is fading so is her stunning beauty. Byron emphasises the idea that love has died using such phrases as: To sever for years. This means that their love has been cut up and will never be whole again: Thy vows are all broken. means that the relationship has reached such a state that all the promises they made to each other have been broken and: A knell to mine ear suggests that a bell of death is tolling to tell of the passing of their love. There is also a mood of regret in such lines as: Truly that hour foretold Sorrow to this. Why wert thou so dear? In silence I grieve Overall Byron gives a sense of disillusionment and betrayal. This is reflected in La Belle Dame Sans Merci but the ways in which these feelings are portrayed are entirely different. Keats tells of the emotions connected with the loss of love, through a dream-like ballad of times long past. The main characters are a chivalrous knight and a passer-by, who questions the knight about his sadness. Keats uses romantic, almost archaic language that is reminiscent of Shakespeare. I met a lady in the mead, The squirrels granary is full And the harvest done. Hath thee in thrall. These quotes give a definite time frame. With the type of language used by Keats, we can see that the ballad was written at a time when the romantic poetry was extremely popular and poetic style was often influenced by the master of such poems; Shakespeare. The author has written the ballad in sections; we can identify a beginning, a middle and an end; the beginning is shown in the first four stanzas with the introduction of a: lady in the meads it then moves smoothly into the middle part of the ballad when the two lovers are having fun and enjoying each others company. The author is giving his lover romantic presents: I made a garland for her head and the end tells of the break-up, the word death signals the death of a relationship. Parts of the ballad are in dream sequence: and there she lulled me I saw their starved lips Here, you get the feeling that reality has struck him hard, this is where he realises that he has been abandoned and that how dreadful he feels now this has happened. The ballad is aiming to give the message that love hurts and that you never know that its over until you wake up and get hit by the knowledge. Mood and tone are key elements of any poem and are definitely present in both of my poems; Byron creates mood and tone by using dull and depressing vocabulary that reflects the poems theme; tearsbrokenchill on my browsorrowcold These give a sense of pain and loss in each line, each with a word of heart ache, which lets the reader know of Byrons deep heartache and distress. Repetition is also another way in which byron has portrayed the mood. He uses the word cold twice, directly after each other, which implicates his cold and broken heart. It sets the tone as being depressing and lonely. This feeling of coldness appears several times throughout the poem, with words such as, chill and shudder. These words help to set the mood by constantly referring to the bleakness of winter, and how to Byron, the loss of his love is like a winter. There is a shift in Byrons When we two parted between the second and third stanza. The first two stanzas depict his own feeling of their parting, and he describes how he felt at the time, and is almost like a flashback of that fatal moment. The last two stanzas are almost like a reality check, and another influence is brought into the poem: they. This shifts the tone of the poem from being reflective to being a more questioning tone. It is also portrayed through literary technique. Alliteration is a key aspect, and Byron uses this at several points throughout the poem: They knew not I knew thee Who knew thee too well: Long, long shall I rue thee Too deeply to tell. The repetition of the th sound enhances the loss of this love, and creates a sound that fits the mood. In La Belle Dame Sans Merci there are a lot of commas and semi-colons throughout the poem: what can ail thee, knight at arms, death pale were they all; they cried La Belle Dame Sans Merci These give the poem a short sharp quality which lets the reader be aware of the type of pain that is affecting the poet. As in When We Two Parted the tone is partially set by the repetition of phrases and words in the stanzas: sedge witherd from the lake, This is repeated in the last line, along with: and no birds sing these open and close the poem, this is very effective for the tone and also the mood of the poem, as the narrator, who is talking to a knight at-arms, is at the beginning of the poem the narrator is alone and lonely and looking for a love, and at the end when he realises that his new-found lover is actually quite floozy and has left many men; I saw pale kings, and princes too, Pale warriors, death-pale were they all; Who crydLa belle Dame sans Merci Hath thee in thrall! This is to show that the mystical woman doesnt only treat the narrator like this, she treats everybody like this, even kings, and princes too,. In addition to When We Two Parted and La Belle Dame Sans Merci I have comed through three other poems, they are, Porphyrias Lover, Never Seek To Tell Thy Love and The Despairing Lover. These poems are all from the era of my main poems and all compliment the theme of loss loss of love. In Never Seek To Tell Thy Love the structure is unique, it is very short, in line length and poem length, it is a group of three quatrains and has a regular syllabic pattern, these things make it short and snappy and give the poem a feeling of sharp pain as it is in very small blistering sections. In Never Seek To Tell Thy Love it is similar to La Belle Dame Sans Merci because of the way the narrator is left by hiss lover and is distraught because of his loss: Soon as she was gone from me A traveller came by Silently, invisibly O, was no deny. This is from Never Seek To Tell Thy Love it is the same as when the poet in La Belle Dame Sans Merci expresses his loss in the way: I saw pale kings and princes too, Pale warriors, death-pale were they all; They cried-La Belle Dame sans Merci Hath thee in thrall! This links to Never Seek To Tell Thy Love because of the way they find out about their lover adultery, it is obviously a big shock. It is apparent that their lovers were maybe a bit loose, I can say this because the way they find out that their love has left them. Porphyrias Lover is linked to When We Two Parted by the tone used to portry their pain. The tone used is very cold and bitter: cold, colder thy kiss These types of words give the poems real pain, it almost gives the effect of physical sickness, this is told byt the authors with great anguish as they use many words like this to give across their throbbing heart soreness. In conclusion I think that the poets bring their themes to life well, by using all the things mentioned structure which is important to set the mood and tone, language which is important to set the mood, tone and gives the speed of the poem. Also the view of love is expressed by all the poets well as being unrequited as it is not really returned in the same way as it is being bestowed on the poets love.

Concepts of Alzheimers disease

Concepts of Alzheimers disease Women and Alzheimers disease Introduction Alzheimer’s disease, popularly known as AD, is an irremediable, progressive ailment of the brain that destroys brain cells responsible for executing brain roles such as memory and thinking. Alzheimer disease destroys some brain faculties making the person unable to perform even the simplest tasks. To begin with, the disease affects regions of the brain, which manage language, memory and thought.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts of Alzheimer’s disease specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, women suffering from Alzheimer disease find it hard to memorize things that have occurred lately and in most cases, they cannot even remember the names of people conversant to them. As time goes by, the symptoms become ubiquitous and worse. The disease also affects men but not vicious as compared to women. Source: https://farm1.static.flickr.com/95/225036858_d88c73896e .jpg For instance, women like men suffering from Alzheimer disease cannot recognize family members, experience some speaking difficulties and they loose their ability to read and write. Additionally, they forget to do even simple things like combing hair and brushing their teeth. With time, they become very nervous and belligerent, wandering far away from home never to return back as they cannot remember the way back home. The symptoms of Alzheimer disease become prevalent the age of 60. This means that as one gets older, the risks becomes high. Notably, research shows that the disease leads to dementia- a disease common among older people- men and women. Dementia is a brain disease characterized by the loss of cognitive functioning.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, persons suffering from dementia have remembering, thinking and reasoning intricacies, whic h end up affecting their daily activities. So far, statistics reveal that there are over 5.1 million people suffering from Alzheimer disease in United States alone and the disease affects more women than men (U.S National Institute of Health, 2010, p.1). Brain Changes with Alzheimer’s disease So far, medics are yet to identify the real cause of Alzheimer disease. Additionally, medics are busy doing research to identify how the process starts and whether brain damage occurs 10 to 20 years prior to the appearance of first symptoms. The brain changes are the same in both men and women suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. Nevertheless, some medical practitioners believe that it all starts with the development of tangles in the brain especially in the entorhinal cortex and affects more women than men. Other regions of the brain may also develop plaques. Further development of the plaques and tangles within the brain regions hampers the normal functioning of the healthy neuro ns. Eventually, the neurons become less efficient and cannot communicate effectively with each other; consequently, they die leaving the person in big problems. The tangles and the plaques continue to damage the entorhinal cortex and eventually spread into a nearby region, hippocampus. The hippocampus is the region of the brain responsible for memory. There is also a significant increase in the death of the neurons leading to the shrinking of the affected regions. Source: https://www.drugdevelopment-technology.com/ Signs and Symptoms The society has mixed perceptions on the signs and symptoms of the disease. In most cases, they associate them with disability. Alzheimer’s disease develops slowly making it hard for medics to establish the whole process.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts of Alzheimer’s disease specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Several neuropsychological testing reveals the dominan ce of mild cognitive intricacies eight years before the real diagnosis. Some of the common early symptoms include memory loss, which affects the person’s ability to remember or even get new information. In the early stage, persons suffering from Alzheimer’s disease experience memory loss, language difficulties, changed perceptions (agnosia), and difficulties in moving from one place to another, apraxia. At this stage, the disease does not impair all memory capacities. Even if it affects these memory capacities, the extent of damage is not uniform across all memories. For example, research shows that the episodic memory responsible for remembering past happenings, the semantic memory responsible for recognizing learned facts, and the implicit memory of how the body works has lesser damages as compared to other memory capacities. This problem is more prevalent in men than in women. Additionally, both men and women experience language problems like hesitancy of words and dwindling vocabulary hence, the penury of spoken and written language. Nevertheless, the person can still perform fine motor tasks for example, walking, eating, writing, and drawing (Forstl, H. Kurz, 1999, pp. 288-290). The second stage of symptoms is the moderate. Here, the early signs and symptoms starts to deteriorate and eventually hinders the independence of a person. In most cases, this effect is dominant in men. On the other hand, women also experience speech difficulties and become prevalent-paraphasias. With time, they loose the ability to read and write. The memory loss problem also worsens and the person cannot even recognize family members. This stage exhibits behavioral and neuropsychiatric changes such as tetchiness, labile effect, outbursts, itinerancy, sundowning and aggression. In the advanced stage, the both men and women cannot perform any task individually. There is complete loss of speech characterized by single words and phrases. Nevertheless, although such pe rsons cannot communicate effectively, they understand and can answer using emotional gestures.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At this stage, they experience acute apathy, aggressiveness and exhaustion and they cannot perform any task including the simple ones minus assistance. Other symptoms include the deterioration of mobility and muscle mass to a stage where they confine to bed, unable to feed themselves. The table below shows the number of incidences affected after the age of 65 (Frank, 1994, pp. 417-423). Age Number of Men and Women Affected per One Thousand 65-69 3 70-74 6 75-79 9 80-84 23 85-89 40 Above 90 69 Causes To date, scientist have not identified the real cause of Alzheimer’s disease, although it is clear that the disease starts with some complications and a chain of events occurring in the brain for a lengthy period of time. Genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors are some of the possible causes of Alzheimer’s disease. Nevertheless, scientists have put across several hypotheses, which tend to explain the cause of AD. For example, the cholinergic hypot hesis depicts the reduced synthesis of neurotransmitter acetylcholine as the cause of Alzheimer’s disease. Nonetheless, many scientists do not agree with this hypothesis and always find faults in it. Another hypothesis, amyloid hypothesis, developed in 1991 explains that amyloid beta (AÃŽ ²) causes Alzheimer’s disease. The hypothesis continues further to explain position of the gene in the amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) occurring in chromosome 21, a characteristic experienced by older persons. Since then, scientists have made numerous advances to the hypothesis explaining how amyloid plaques cause impairs the normal functioning of the neurons. Another hypothesis, explains how the breakdown of myelin within the brain causes Alzheimer’s disease. Such breakdowns cause distractions in axonal transport hence, trouncing of neurons. The hypothesis also explains that the iron unconfined during the go kaput of myelin can cause brain damages (Polvikoski, Sulkava, Ha ltia, 1995, pp. 1242-1247). Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease The definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease is not an easy task. This is because it involves the assessment of the brain tissue and pathology examination in an autopsy. Nevertheless, due to the development of science and technology, medics are now in a position to determine whether persons suffering from memory problems have dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. In order to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease, medical practitioners have to perform the following. Firstly, they examine the medical history of the person affected, which includes the ability to carry out different tasks, earlier medical quandaries, and alterations in personality and behavior. Secondly, doctors will then proceed to perform memory tests such as attention and problem solving. They will also test the person’s ability to count and communicate effectively (language). Thirdly, they will then carry out medical tests from samp les of urine, blood and the spinal fluid. The last test involves brain scanning. Using computerized tomography (CT) or another technique called magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); doctors can determine the extent of brain damage over time. Perhaps this is the main reason why doctors prefer early diagnosis as they can be in a position to prescribe drugs, which control further development of the symptoms. Early diagnosis will also make many families prepare for the future in advance and develop support networks (Shiel Marks, 2010, p. 1). Society and AD Depending on one’s background, the view on women with Alzheimer can vary greatly. Nevertheless, women are important people in society. Although many women are more likely to be affected, the mortality rate is higher in men than in women. In fact, severe dementia and delirium causes mortality in men. On the other hand, women suffering from dementia are having low insulin as compared to men meaning, the probability of women sufferin g from diabetes is higher than that of men. Women and Alzheimer’s Disease Research shows that women are at high risk of attack of Alzheimer’s disease. Currently, women contribute 66 percent of persons suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. United States government is going to spend over US$20 billion for over 78 million baby boomers, many of them suffering from this disease. Women suffer most because of their gender, not longevity. Once women reach menopause, they experience estrogen deficiency. Medical research indicates that estrogen is imperative in protecting the mental functioning of the brain. It also controls the production of amyloid, which forms amyloid plaques dangerous to the brain. Thus, as the level of estrogen plummet, the intrinsic fortification of women ceases; nonetheless, as for men, they change testosterone into estrogen even at old ages hence, ensuring them protection against the disease. In women, the brain’s vascular system is dependent on estrogen. Thus, once the production of estrogen stalls, there is no further preservation of the woman’s vascular system (Liesi, Scherr, McCann, Beckett, Evans, 1999, pp. 132-136). Various medical researches indicate that after menopause, the body of women fails to normalize its blood vessels just like in the past due to the absence of estrogen. This can cause further deterioration resulting from such abnormalities. However, with time, the body adapts to the new body condition and sets new modalities of maintaining the vascular system. Blood vessels are like highways that ship oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. As women start their menopause period, certain vascular quandaries develop. Within vessels, some tiny vessels develop causing miscommunication. Doctors cannot use synthetic hormones to correct the situation as it can interfere with the normal functioning of the body. Consequently, abnormal changes occur in the brain; nerves responsible for memory and capacit y to learn damage, and brain cells die. This changes a person’s personality and behavior and in some occasions, the body can loose its ability to perform normal functions like walking, writing, and drawing (Lerner, 1999, pp. 1830-1834). Treating the Psychiatric Symptoms So far, there is no established cure for Alzheimer’s disease.Scientists have developed drugs that treat symptoms associated with Alzheimer’s disease. For example, in treating agitation, doctors recommend beta-blockers, anxiolytics, trazodone and antipsychotics. However, there is still pharmacological controversy on these drugs regarding their side effects such as stroke and sudden death. For example, some drugs treat men effectively from depression but fails in women. Additionally, women suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, experiencing apathy, and concentrating problems should desist from using antidepressants as they may cause more harm. Research shows that sedating atypical antidepressan ts, trazodone, is effective in controlling the dominant symptoms like agitation, hallucination and insomnia. Other modes of treatment include non-pharmacologic measures such as not taking fluids at night to reduce urination, pain treatment, exposure to sunlight and other activities that induce sleep. Conclusion It is true the disease affects both men and women. However, research shows that women constitute the highest percentage of those affected. Both men and women suffering from Alzheimer’s disease need maximum care, as they cannot perform normal activities due to brain damage. Sometimes, families can have stress in caring for these patients, as they need total attention. Nevertheless, persons suspecting to have the disease should see the doctor for diagnosis and further treatment. Reference List Forstl, H. Kurz, A. (1999). Clinical features of Alzheimers disease. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 249(6), 288–290. Frank, E. (1994). Effect of Alzheimers disease on communication function. Journal of Science and Medical Association, 90 (9), 417–423. Lerner, A. (1999). Women and Alzheimer’s Disease. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, 84(6), 1830-1834. Liesi, E., Scherr, P., McCann, J., Beckett, L. Evans, D. (1999). Is the Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease Greater for Women than Men? American Journal of Epidemiology, 153(2), 132-136. Polvikoski, T., Sulkava, R. Haltia, M. (1995). Apolipoprotein E, dementia, and cortical deposition of beta-amyloid protein. New England Journal of Medicine, 333(19), 1242–1247. Shiel, W. Marks, J. (2010). Alzheimer’s Disease. Retrieved from https://www.medicinenet.com/alzheimers_disease_causes_stages_and_symptoms/article.htm U.S National Institute of Health. (2010). Alzheimer’s Disease Fact Sheet.